Posts tagged History
Big Ben – The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster
A date with history
The most famous and the biggest bell ever cast at Whitechapel foundry was christened as the ‘Big Ben’ after some interesting debate in the parliament of the 19th century Britain. In 1844, the British parliament has unanimously approved the decision to incorporate the clock tower in the Houses of Parliament. But the specifications that came out in the corridors of parliament was a scientific impossibility for even the most adventurous of those responsible for watch – “The first shot of the hour bell should register the time, right within one second a day, and that it should be telegraph its performance twice a day in Greenwich, where a record was kept. “So began the journey of this timing reference point in London – The bell time of the Great Clock of Westminster, known worldwide as the ‘Big Ben ‘.
The timekeeper Westminster was developed by Edmund Beckett Denison, and finally made functional by Edward John Dent in 1854. The watch has an innovative double three-legged gravity escapement. The arduous task of casting the 13.76 tonne bell was undertaken by George Mears, the master bell-founder and owner of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry. It was built during the reconstruction of Parliament, the clock tower went into service September 7, 1859.
The evolution …
After leading the world on the gas for nearly half a century, the gas lighting of the dials was replaced by electric lighting in 1906. The electric winding followed in 1912. Over time, Big Ben has been to embrace the digital technology. Big Ben’s clock is illuminated at night. A second lamp over his face lights up whenever the Parliament is in session.
BBC World Service and Big Ben has a long and this association has started tolling the way back December 31, 1923, when the BBC broadcast of the new arrival with the soothing chimes of Big Ben. The humanitarian face of Big Ben has a facelift during the Second World War, when the clock chimes instilled a sense of comfort and security in the British public that everything was going well with Great Britain. Big Ben chimes are still broadcast on BBC Radio 4 at certain times.
The memorable journey to the Palace of Westminster …
The first trip of the Big Ben of his place of birth, the Whitechapel Foundry in his new home was marked by enthusiasm and amazement. The transport of the bell icon to the Houses of Parliament was also memorable for Londoners. While the sixteen brightly decorated with bows mammoth horses pulled the bell on the London Bridge, along Borough Road, Westminster Bridge, traffic came to a complete stop – to witness one of the most monumental vehicles of all time. Decorating the streets and the crowds cheered the zealous Big Ben all the way to its new home.
See the most talked about world clock, the iconic stature of the Palace of Westminster is out of question. In addition to being the host to a legend, the Palace of Westminster is a guide to life for the events that have shaped the destiny of modern Britain. The awe inspiring Gothic architecture owes its mastery of the 19th century architect Sir Charles Barry. As part of UNESCO world heritage and Grade I, the Palace of Westminster houses works of art unique mixture of modern architecture, furniture legendary and monumental.
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History of London Bridge
London Bridge today is not the same London Bridge, which crosses the Thames when it was built. Peter, a priest and chaplain of St. Mary Colechurch, began the foundation of the original bridge in 1176 to replace a wooden bridge (expensive to maintain and repeatedly burned down), which was originally built by the Romans. The original London Bridge consisted of nineteen arches, each with an average length of 7 meters, and built on piers 6 feet wide. An early twentieth the bridge was crossed by a wooden drawbridge. With the construction of this bridge, a particular effect was discovered – the tide roared through the narrow arches every day with great force, which had been so dramatically affected that created a temporary 5-foot-high cataract every day, as it went in and out .. A new sport based on this nifty effect was “shooting the bridge” – slipping through the arches in a small boat when the tide was turning.
Pietro di Colechurch died in 1205, and his work was supplemented by three other citizens of London 1209. The bridge, already quite close to its function, it has become even closer (about 4 feet wide) where the shops and houses were built along both sides of the road right on the bridge itself, by 1358, 138 seats of activity were recorded in the tax lists. And, like almost all the old buildings of London, the shops were built so that the upper floors stretched over the road – finally, the bridge has become more like a long gallery full of shops, through which passengers and others flowed. One can only imagine the smell, the way to the shelter, no real drainage, and a lot of horses and people! The houses are built so that overhung the water as well as the track, and were anchored by tying them together along the road, with strong wooden arches. In 1580, water mills added to the general chaos of the bridge.
The bridge was not only a home and place of business, it was a defensible structure. More than once, its drawbridge was raised and the men who fought under his strong tower to repel the invaders and rebels, putting the wooden houses built on the bridge at some risk. Until after the Restoration Scotland, the bridge was often decorated with heads, quarters, or parts of the body of the executed, which had to be explained below. Not later than the year 1598, a German traveler counted over thirty heads.
But after both the bridge itself has become very dangerous for residents and travelers. Only three years after it was completed, a huge fire destroyed the buildings, killing perhaps 3,000 people when it jumped from one end of the bridge to the other, trapping wild fire-fighting the flames. The houses have been rebuilt in a hurry – and in 1282 five arches of the bridge collapsed under the weight of winter ice. But even they were rebuilt with their necessary buildings, and the bridge continued in London as the only crossing of the River Thames until 1750, when Westminster Bridge opened.
During this period, the engineer of Westminster Bridge was hired to repair and renew London Bridge. Redesign and repair is deemed necessary by the narrowness of the road, the huge bridge supports (which occupied about one fourth of the width of the river), and the dangerous sport of shooting and other dangers posed by the bridge deck. By 1762 the character of the bridge has been changed: all the houses were gone, the roadway was 14 feet wide, and the two central arches replaced by a large arc, allowing the transition much easier for larger boats.
Alas, this central arch has proved difficult to maintain, and in early 1800 a second bridge was built a few meters away. The original London Bridge was demolished in 1832. The new bridge was called Rennie’s Bridge. Designed by George Rennie and built by John Rennie, was composed of only five arches, with the central span reaching 46 meters. Rennie’s London Bridge has had a very strange end. It ‘lasted less than 140 years. Between 1968 and 1971, was dismantled and shipped across the Atlantic to the United States, where it was rebuilt in Lake Havasu City, where it still stands, crossing Lake Havasu, 255 miles south of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River. To see the London Bridge, the Londoners must fly 10,000 miles!
The current London Bridge is modern prestressed concrete with a central span of 104 meters.
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The Great Wall of China
The famous Great Wall of China is a must-see attraction for any visitor to Beijing. Do you know how long the Great Wall of China? The huge wall extends about 6,400 km across northern China. The track has a width of about 7 meters and an average height of about 8m. Over the wall, there are the fortified towers, beacon towers and principals that make up the entire structure.
Here is a little ‘History of the Great Wall of China. The first stages of building the Great Wall has occurred around the 5th century BC, but the current structure was created around 220 BC by Qin Shi Huangdi, who was the first Chinese emperor and founder of the empire. So now you know who built the Great Wall of China! Under his direction, the smaller, earlier building size from a few individual states have been linked, and these were further expanded to the north. The aim of this project is to remove the nomads on horseback. Soldiers and peasants from all parts of the country has spent many years of their lives to build this wall. The construction process is extremely tedious as the large boulders weighing several hundred kilograms need to be pulled up the steep slopes to build up the wall.
This is a good experience to make a Great Wall tour in one of the sites. There are many sites wall, visitors can go and see this remarkable structure and these include Badaling, Mutianyu, Simatai and Huanghua Cheng. The site of Badaling is the most popular site and there are several souvenir stalls, tourist services and cable car on this site. Many visitors to the usual flow of souvenir stalls after the first hike up the wall. There is a Great Wall Circle Vision theater where a film is projected on the history of the wall. This show lasts approximately 15 minutes. From Badaling, the view of the wall runs on the hills is breathtaking.
Mutianyu is located about 80 km north of Beijing. One of the advantages of choosing the site to see the Mutianyu wall is that it is not as crowded as the site of Badaling. There are a number of watchtowers here. Parts of the wall here have not been reconstructed and visitors can see the original structure as it is. Visitors can choose to walk up the stairs (about 1,000 steps) or take the cable car, from the bottom of the hills to the wall.
Located about 110 kilometers northeast of Beijing, Simatai site offers a magnificent view of the wall and the mountains. The wall here has been only partially repaired. The hike to Simatai is more difficult than those at Badaling and Mutianyu as most of the wall sections are steep, uneven and dangerous to travel. The eastern section of the wall leads to very steep sections of the wall and then for some remains impassable. Many tourists chose to visit this place, because the view of the mountains here are spectacular.
Huanghua Cheng, located about 25 km west of Mutianyu, is less developed than other sections of the wall. The wall is broken into two by a large tank. The right path is most popular with visitors, because the left path is more difficult to achieve. The collapse of the wall sections to find here may prove to be too dangerous for walkers.
The Great Wall of China is indeed a great wonder. If you are going to Beijing, then you should not miss a trip to this beautiful place. Join a tour of the Great Wall and enjoy the stunning scenery this place offers. The picturesque view of the Great Wall up and down in a beautiful mountain setting is truly captivating. Then, a Great Wall around and enjoy the insightful experience!
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